Describe how the process of translation occurs during protein synthesis.

After translation has occured in the nucleus with th DNA, the newly formed single-stranded mRNA molecule travels out of the nucleus via the nuclear pores and travels to the ribosome located in the cytoplasm of the cell. The first codon (a 3 nucleotide base sequence) attaches to the ribosome. This is typically AUG, which codes for metionine. A tRNA molecule, carrying a corresponding amino acid to the codon bound to the ribosome, moves towards the first codon. Through complementary base pairing, the codon of the tRNA (known as an anticodon) molecule and the mRNA molecule line up and bind to each other. The next codon in the mRNA sequence then binds to the ribosome, moving along the strand. Another tRNA molecule with a complementary codon and associated amino acid binds to the mRNA molecule. The two amino acids, now in close proimity to one another now bind to each other. The tRNA molecule of the second codon then unbinds from the ribosome, to leave space for the next tRNA molecule. The next codon is then bound to and another tRNA molecule binds with its anticodon, meanwhile it's amino acid joins the now 3 strong chain of amino acids. This process continues, forming a longer and longer chain of amino acids. The process stops when a 'stop' codon is reached. The mRNA then unbinds from the ribosome and the newly formed polypeptide chain is formed, ending translation.