To what extent was government transformed during the reign of Henry VIII?

During the reign of Henry VIII there was broad structural change in central governance brought about by the transformative effects of the Reformation, and there was a fundamental shift in the structure of authority within the kingdom. The break from Rome and the reformulation of religious power as being a fundamental aspect of the authority of the English monarch was an extraordinary break, dissolving the official power of the Pope over the monarch and asserting the supremacy of the King and Parliament. The established primacy of statute law in Parliament could be seen in the extension of the Kings Laws throughout the kingdom, extending parliamentary representation and removing liberties and franchises. Furthermore, this was supplemented by the degraded power of the nobility in this new formulation. The appointment of Cardinal Wolsey and later Thomas Cromwell as Chief Secretary to the King, the highly influential role of personal advisor to the King was increasingly in the hands of "commoners" rather than the nobility.
Although the power of Parliament and the King's "commoner" advisors had been much extended, Parliament was still dependent on the King. It could not sit without being called and Henry VIII could still rule via Proclamation. Whilst Wolsey and Cromwell were powerful figures, the Privy Council remained a significant base of power -- especially for the nobility -- and was unconnected to Parliament. The nobility were key in the governance of the localities of the realm and the Church was also still a powerful institution in its own right. These factors show that whilst there was undeniably a transformation in government during the reign of Henry VIII, largely brought about the changes brought with the Reformation, there was still continuity and by 1547 much of day-to-day governance across the realm would have remained unchanged.

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Answered by Mimi T. History tutor

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