What are the differences between transcription and translation?

Genetic information is stored within DNA in short sections called genes which contain the instructions needed to make a protein. DNA is a very large molecule and cannot exit the nucleus of the cell. Transcription is a process which converts the sequence of DNA bases forming a gene into a sequence of messenger RNA (mRNA). mRNA is the length of a single gene, meaning it is small enough to exit the nucleus. Transcription is performed by RNA polymerase in three stages: initiation, elongation and termination. Before leaving the nucleus, it undergoes splicing which removes introns (non-coding regions of the mRNA) and joins together the exons (coding regions) and is then able to enter the cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, mRNA is bound by ribosomes. Ribosomes are small organelles which carry out translation - the process of converting mRNA into a series of amino acids which fold to form a protein. Each three bases of the mRNA (known as a codon) determine which amino acid should be incorporated next into the sequence. The ribosome moves along the mRNA, joining amino acids together in a growing chain known as a polypeptide. When the ribosome reaches a 'stop' codon, the polypetide is released. The main differences between transcription and translation are:Location - transcription: in the nucleus, translation: in the cytoplasm (or ER)Enzyme - transcription: RNA polymerase, translation: ribosomeStarting product - transcription: DNA, translation: mRNAEnd product - transcription: mRNA, translation: polypeptide