How can I approach the analysis of a passage of text?

When approaching the analysis of any piece of literature, it helps to divide up the task by searching for certain literary devices. I find one technique that helps me is to use different coloured highlighters or pens for different devices. I usually divide them by imagery, characterisation, tone, rhythm/pace, and structure, although these will vary depending on the type of literature of course whether it be prose or poetry. It helps to identify the general or most obvious examples of these devices first and then to focus on the more specific and subtle details within them. I find that a visual approach in this regard can really help make any passage more digestible for analysis in a structured and holistic approach. It is helpful to always have a holistic view in mind, so that you can look out for links between these devices and consider how any passage has particular significance in the text as a whole, whether it be through a strong shift in characterisation or overall tone.