Allusion – When one refers to the words of someone else.

Attention grabber – You can grab the audience’s attention in several ways, e.g. with a quote, joke, big or bold statement

Bond – Gaining a rapport with the audience by using inclusive plurals like ‘we’, ‘our’ or ‘us’

Destination – Where is this speech going? Why should people continue to listen?

Figurative speech – Using, e.g., metaphors and similes to make abstract ideas more concrete

Parallelism – A grammatical construction in which the form of several sentences parts line up nicely in a sequence

Anaphora – The repetition of a particular idea or phrase

Varied sentence length – Changing the lengths of sentences from long to short, to give them more effect