How does a writer shape meaning/express their opinion though their literature?

A writer shapes meaning through utilising what they have to work with: words. Therefore, they use intricate methods such as metaphors and hyperboles in order to effectively create 2+ layers to the words on the page. There is a literal, face-value meaning, and a meaning that the reader has to 'decipher' through their use of language devices, structure, form, and context at the time.