How is DNA linked to protein synthesis? Why does mutations in DNA have serious implications on protein synthesis?

DNA is the genetic code of an individual, this has been assembled from the contributions of your maternal and paternal gamete genomes. When a gene is being expressed, a polymerase transcribes a copy in the form of mRNA. This transcript is then transported into the nucleus to be translated by the ribosomes, and for a protein to be synthesised based on the sequence. The amino acids of a protein are assembled in a specific order, based on the sequence of the mRNA. Therefore, the gene expression and resultant protein synthesis relies on the correct DNA sequence.As a result, any mutations/ variation in the DNA sequence can impact whether a gene is switched on or off, but also whether the protein is a functional copy. It is important to have specific genes turned on/off, based on their context in the body, however inappropriate expression can lead to serious consequences, such as in the case of cystic fibrosis.