298 completed lessons
About me
Hi, I am Georgie and I am a Cancer Biology Masters student at the University of York. I am very passionate about science and I want to go into teaching in the future. I am very friendly and bubbly so I hope that I can pass on my enthusiasm for science, and inspire you to explore science at University.
I have worked with My Tutor for over three years and have tutored a range of students from GCSE to A-Level. I find tutoring extremely rewarding, and I am invested in every tutee I help. I have tutored students throughout the academic year who have achieved very good exam results, as well as one-off sessions to help clarify certain topics.
Hi, I am Georgie and I am a Cancer Biology Masters student at the University of York. I am very passionate about science and I want to go into teaching in the future. I am very friendly and bubbly so I hope that I can pass on my enthusiasm for science, and inspire you to explore science at University.
I have worked with My Tutor for over three years and have tutored a range of students from GCSE to A-Level. I find tutoring extremely rewarding, and I am invested in every tutee I help. I have tutored students throughout the academic year who have achieved very good exam results, as well as one-off sessions to help clarify certain topics.
About my sessions
I enjoy finding creative ways to teach new ideas that are specific to your learning style. I want you to come away from a session feeling comfortable with the topics discussed. I believe that past papers are the best way to learn how to do well in the exam and I will focus on the specific phrases that examiners want. Most importantly I want you to have fun and come away from the tutorials with less stress and more confidence.
I enjoy finding creative ways to teach new ideas that are specific to your learning style. I want you to come away from a session feeling comfortable with the topics discussed. I believe that past papers are the best way to learn how to do well in the exam and I will focus on the specific phrases that examiners want. Most importantly I want you to have fun and come away from the tutorials with less stress and more confidence.
Enhanced DBS Check
24/04/2017Ratings & Reviews
Evi (Parent from Grevenmacher)
December 3 2017
Excellent session!
Evi (Parent from Grevenmacher)
November 12 2017
Excellent course, as usual
Evi (Parent from Grevenmacher)
October 15 2017
Excellent tutoring session!!! Georgina explains very clearly and is really friendly. Lucky to have her as a tutor!
Marina (Student)
May 2 2017
Georgina is a great teacher. She explains everything in a lot of detail and helped me a lot with revision and gave me some really good tips on exam technique.
Qualifications
General Availability
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Subjects offered
Questions Georgina has answered
How does information from a gene make a protein?
A gene is defined as a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Within a gene you have triplets which are 3 bases in a row that code for a specific amino acid. However there might be many triplet codes per amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins so the cell transfers the information in the gene into a protein in two major steps: Transcription and Translation. Below the steps are explained as if in a eukaryotic cell.
1. Transcription - DNA to mRNA
Initially helicase unzips the DNA helix by breaking the double bonds. This exposes the bases of the sense strand of DNA, which is used to make a complementary mRNA strand. RNA polymerase joins the RNA nucleotides to form a single strand of mRNA which leaves the nucleus through a pore in the nuclear envelope. The triplet codes in the DNA are now called codons within the mRNA strand. The base T (thymine) has also been exchanged for U (uracil).
2. Translation - mRNA to protein
This step occurs within ribosomes which are located either free in the cell or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acids are carried by tRNA which has 3 bases which code for a specific anti-codon to the amino acid being carried. This anti-codon will be complentary to a specific codon in mRNA which is the mRNA form of the triplet coded in the DNA at the beginning.
The mRNA from the nucleus moves into the ribosome and the first codon is called a start codon which initiates translation. tRNA molecules then bind to each specific codon in order and the amino acids carried are bonded together via a peptide bond. The empty tRNA molecule then leaves the ribosome. This process continues until the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA strand and stops at the stop codon which does not code for an amino acid. The polypeptide chain is then released and it folds into its secondary structure. The protein is most likely to then move to the golgi apparatus where it is edited and modified into its final structure.
A gene is defined as a section of DNA that codes for a protein. Within a gene you have triplets which are 3 bases in a row that code for a specific amino acid. However there might be many triplet codes per amino acid. Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins so the cell transfers the information in the gene into a protein in two major steps: Transcription and Translation. Below the steps are explained as if in a eukaryotic cell.
1. Transcription - DNA to mRNA
Initially helicase unzips the DNA helix by breaking the double bonds. This exposes the bases of the sense strand of DNA, which is used to make a complementary mRNA strand. RNA polymerase joins the RNA nucleotides to form a single strand of mRNA which leaves the nucleus through a pore in the nuclear envelope. The triplet codes in the DNA are now called codons within the mRNA strand. The base T (thymine) has also been exchanged for U (uracil).
2. Translation - mRNA to protein
This step occurs within ribosomes which are located either free in the cell or on the rough endoplasmic reticulum. The amino acids are carried by tRNA which has 3 bases which code for a specific anti-codon to the amino acid being carried. This anti-codon will be complentary to a specific codon in mRNA which is the mRNA form of the triplet coded in the DNA at the beginning.
The mRNA from the nucleus moves into the ribosome and the first codon is called a start codon which initiates translation. tRNA molecules then bind to each specific codon in order and the amino acids carried are bonded together via a peptide bond. The empty tRNA molecule then leaves the ribosome. This process continues until the ribosome reaches the end of the mRNA strand and stops at the stop codon which does not code for an amino acid. The polypeptide chain is then released and it folds into its secondary structure. The protein is most likely to then move to the golgi apparatus where it is edited and modified into its final structure.
