Explain the difference between Humoral and Cellular adaptive immune response.

Firstly the adaptive immune response is the antigen specific response the body uses against free antigens or infected cells. It relies on the highly specialised lymphocytes, T-cells and B-cells, which are derived from stem cells called Hematopoietic stem cells, in the bone marrow. The adaptive humoral response is the immunity achieved from serum antibodies that are derived from plasma cells, humoral refers to the bodily fluids where free floating serum antibodies bind to antigens that are presented on bacteria or viruses and assist with elimination via 5 different mechanisms, agglutination, opsonisation, complement mediated lysis, neutralisation and antibody dependant cell mediated cytotoxicity. Whereas the cellular adaptive immune response is activated when a pathogen (usually viruses) enter a cell and are no longer free floating, therefore they require cytotoxic T-cells (CD8) to bind to the infected cell via MHC- class one receptors, this stimulates cytotoxic T-cell to undergo clonal selection and produce a large number of effector cells that travel the body searching for a specific MHC-class one peptide presented by virus infected cell and when bound they release perforin and granulysin which cause the destruction to the plasma membrane causing lysis. With both responses memory B and T cells are formed to allow protection via the specific antigens presented thus conferring long term protection and much quicker production of specialised B and T cells upon second encounter (how viruses work).