For a hot desert environment or cold environment you have studied, to what extent does that environment provide both opportunities and challenges for development?

First look at the command words in the question, to properly establish how to and what to use to answer the question. This questions has two elements, 'opportunities' and 'challenges' therefore good to divide answer into two parts. Ideally looking at each part take one or two points per part, explain your points and then properly exemplify them with real life examples and for extra points, original examples that are not in the textbook to show a genuine interest.