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What is an atheroma and how do they form?

An atheroma is a build up of fatty deposits (made up of cholesterol) in the wall of an artery, which will lead to the narrowing of the arteries inner diameter (its lumen). Formation process Atheromas will be...
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Answered by Jack P. • Biology tutor
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Explain what 'water potential' is, and how it relates to bacterial cell death. (3 marks)

(1) Water potential is the measure of potential energy in water.(2) Water potential determines the tendency of water to move from one location to another, via osmosis. (3) If bacteria is surrounded with a so...
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Answered by Ann D. • Biology tutor
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Explain how the structure of glycogen makes it suitable as a cellular energy store. (3 marks)

Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose that stores sugars for respiration. Its branched ends allow rapid hydrolysis and release of glucose monomers, and it is insoluble, so has no osmotic effects o...
Answered by • Biology tutor
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What are the two types of immune system?

The immune system protects you against invading pathogens and infections that may enter your body. It can be broadly split into two streams - the adaptive and the innate immunity. The innate immunity is more...
Answered by • Biology tutor
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explain how the nervous system increases heart rate

Coordination via medulla / cardiac centre in the brainIncreased impulses along sympatheticnerve to the Sino atrial node, otherwise known as pacemakerrelease of noradrenalineincrease in impulses from Sino atr...
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Answered by Elsa M. • Biology tutor
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