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Briefly describe the terms "antigen" and "antibody", and describe the structure of the latter. Briefly describe the processes of opsonisation, phagocytosis and destruction of bacteria by macrophages.

An “antigen” is a specific foreign molecular entity which is bound by antibodies during an immune response. Examples of antigens include peptides from bacterial surface proteins, which signal the presence of...
AR
Answered by Andrew R. • Biology tutor
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explain process of glycolysis

firstly, glucose is converted into glucose phosphate and then into glucose biphoshate through phosphorylation. This process turns two molecules of ATP to ADP. This is then split into two molecules (3 carbons...
YH
Answered by Yasmin H. • Biology tutor
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How does the pacinian corpuscle produce a generator potential?

A change in pressure causes a change in conformation/shape of stretch mediated ion channelsThis causes Na+ channels to flow across the membraneThis causes depolarisation at the Membrane producing our generat...
OT
Answered by Okuk T. • Biology tutor
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Describe the process of mitosis

Mitosis is the a form of cell division in which two genetically identical daughter cells are formed. It occurs to grow new tissue e.g. such as skin Before the cell divides it goes through a growth phase wher...
OA
Answered by Omolara A. • Biology tutor
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Explain how changes in temperature and pH affect the rate of an enzyme-catalysed reaction. Give appropriate diagrams to illustrate your answer. [6]

At the optimum temperature for a given enzyme (specific to each enzyme dependent on the composition of the protein), catalytic activity is at a maximum and hence the reaction proceeds at maximum rate. Both e...
JL
Answered by Jasper L. • Biology tutor
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