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The process of chemiosmosis essentially addresses the issue of storing chemical energy into a specific bond. The conversion from chemical energy in the coenzymes, such as NADH and FADH 2 to ATP cannot occur ...

Eutrophication occurs when excess nutrients, like nitrates and phosphates, enter a body of water. These excess nutrients cause an increase in plant and algal growth in the water, often leading to an algal bl...

To attain the two marks you have to say that the RER contains ribosomes and these synthesis proteins. Enzymes are specialised proteins.

First, read the question carefully. It asks us to ‘ Describe how mRNA is produced’, a good way to approach this is to go through the process step by step. Notice that the question is worth 6 marks, so we nee...

Respiration is the process which cells use to produce energy and happens in the mitochondria of the cells. Almost every cell carries out respiration. There are 4 main stages to respiration - glycolysis, the ...