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When supplies of carbohydrate and lipid are inadequate, the body can use protein as a respiratory substrate- in times of prolonged starvation, tissue protein from muscles can even be broekn down for this pur...

The first step in tackling this is drawing a genetic diagram (which I would draw on the whiteboard). Say we are looking at a cross between two parents with genotype AaBb, so the cross would look like AaBb x ...

Glycolysis is the first stage of aerobic and anaerobic respiration. Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm of a cell as glucose can't pass the mitochondrial membranes and the enzymes needed for its breakdown are...

diaphragm flattens and the chest wall moves up and out to decrease the pressure in the thorax. Inspiration occurs bringing air from the atmosphere into the mouth/nose and down the trachea, into the bronchi, ...

During prophase chromatin condenses and supercoils, and so the chromosomes become visible. The nuclear envelope breaks down and the centrioles migrate to opposite poles of the cell and start to produce the s...