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Explain why the tidal volume and breathing rate increase over the course of a spirometer experiment?

Since the spirometer is a closed system, over time the oxygen concentration will decrease and therefore the oxygen concentration in the blood per inhalation will decrease. When the blood reaches the medulla ...
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Answered by Dominic L. • Biology tutor
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Outline the stages of phagocytosis

Phagocytes recognise and bind pathogens through chemical attraction and receptors. Phagocytes (white blood cells) engulf the pathogen so it is contained within the cell in a phagosome. Lysosome containing ly...
Answered by • Biology tutor
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Describe how alterations to tumour suppressor genes can lead to the development of tumours.

Alterations to tumour suppressor genes such as their increased methylation, mutation in the genes, or an instance where the tumour suppressor genes are not being transcribed or expressed, results in rapid an...
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Answered by Lucy Erin S. • Biology tutor
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How does nervous input in a human cause increase cardiac output during exercise?

The nervous system can be divided into two branches-the parasympathetic branch and the sympathetic branch. The activity of the sympathetic nervous system is increased in response to exercise. This response t...
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Answered by Tamarind R. • Biology tutor
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Explain briefly how mutations in the genome can lead to cancer. In your answer refer to and explain the process of protein synthesis.

The central dogma of modern genetics is simple: DNA - RNA - Protein (and, due to reverse transcriptase, RNA - DNA). It can therefore be seen that alterations in DNA sequence can have the downstream effect of...
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Answered by Lynden R. • Biology tutor
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