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What is the difference between primary and secondary succession?

Primary succession starts from bare rock , so no soil is present at the start. Over time the pioneer organisms (such as moss and lichen) break the rock and as the organisms die and decompose, the soil builds...
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Answered by Sarah P. • Biology tutor
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How is the DNA prepared for it to be replicated?

The preparation occurs to the DNA whilst in the nucleus of the cell. As DNA is a double helix, the two strands of DNA need to be split apart. Therefore the hydrogen bonds need to be broken. The DNA helicase ...
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Answered by Sarah P. • Biology tutor
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Describe the structure of DNA

DNA is the molecule within cells that contains genetic information, in the form of a sequence of bases that form a code that makes up a protein. DNA is a polymer, meaning that it is a macromolecule (large mo...
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Answered by Emma H. • Biology tutor
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how is urine produced in the kidney?

The first step of urine formation is ultrafiltration. Blood passes through a network of capillaries in the kidney called the glomerulus. It is filtered into the Bowman’s capsule (the first part of the nephro...
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Answered by Lois C. • Biology tutor
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What is an enzyme?

An enzyme is a protein catalyst . A catalyst is a substance which alters the rate of a chemical reaction. (So it can speed up a chemical reaction). The key thing about an enzyme is that it is not itself chan...
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Answered by Lauren D. • Biology tutor
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