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Describe the bonding in, and the structure of, sodium chloride and ice. Explain why they have very different melting points.

(Firstly, we identify this as a ‘Structure and Bonding’ problem and try to distinguish between the bonds holding atoms together and the intermolecular forces holding molecules together. We can take each comp...
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Answered by Georgia K. • Chemistry tutor
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In the topic of transition metals, what are the different types of ligands and what in itself, is a ligand?

Firstly, ligands are an atom, molecule or ion which can donate a electron pair (lone electron pair). In a diagram, we would show this donation of a lone electron pair to a central metal ion by using a arrow....
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What is meant by terms 'saturated' and 'unsaturated' when applied to alkanes and alkenes? Describe a chemical test to distinguish between the liquids hexane and hexene.

Saturated – contains single bonds only.Unsaturated – contains one or more carbon-carbon double bonds.Shake each with bromine water. Hexene will decolorise bromine water, which will go from orange to colourle...
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Answered by Kamile S. • Chemistry tutor
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What are geometrical isomers? Explain, structurally, why geometrical isomers exist.

Molecules differing in the relative bond positions of two groups about carbon-carbon double bonds. Free rotation is not possible about a carbon-carbon double bond. Thus, groups attached to the double-bonded ...
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Answered by Kamile S. • Chemistry tutor
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The Nucleophilic substitution mechanism: i. give the mechanism for the reaction between bromoethane and sodium hydroxide solution; ii. explain why the reaction mechanism is called nucleophilic substitution mechanism.

ii. The nucleophile donates a lone pair of electrons to the electrophilic carbon atom in the halogenoalkene. The bromine atom is substituted by the hydroxide ion. The mechanism is accompanied by inversion of...
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Answered by Kamile S. • Chemistry tutor
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