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A doctrine or policy by which the lower courts in hierarchy are required to follow rules or principles laid down in previous judicial decisions by higher Courts. (Latin: 'stare decisis' - to stand by decided...

The eggshell skull rule (or thin skull rule) describes the principle that a defendant must "take the victim as he finds them". This means that particular vulnerabilities or frailties of a victim ca...

Guilty mind versus guilty act. criminal law is the main area of law which carries the risk of the offender to have one of their main human rights curtailed -- their right to freedom, by putting the offender ...

Step 1: It is key to lay out what the law of voluntary manslaughter and that it is a partial defence to murder. So one must state this and then law out what the law includes and involves; namely laying out t...

Remember I-P-A! (1) ISSUE: which area of law does the question concern? What does the party you are acting for wish to achieve? E.g. "C wishes to establish D was negligent in hitting her with his car, i...