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Fletcher’s Situation Ethics is firstly a consequential ethical theory. It suggests that any action is dependent upon the consequences it produces. Situation Ethics is also teleological – it is concerned with...

No other ethical theories take into account a person's character quite as much as Virtue Ethics. Actions should be pursued in moderation by not acting with excess or deficiency. Aristotle called this the gol...

There are a number of theodicies used to defend the existence of God against the problem of evil and suffering. One such argument is called the free will defence and is advocated by Alvin Plantinga. He argue...

Plato's 'theory of recollection' goes back to an idea he elaborates in his dialogue the 'Meno'. Essentially, Plato believed that our soul had a pre-existing state where it enjoyed knowledge of the forms. How...

Aristotle offers four causes to explain how things come to be. There is the material cause, which literally refers to the stuff that a thing is made from. There is the efficient case, which is the agent that...