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During the light-independent reaction of photosynthesis, CO2 is converted into organic substances, describe how.

The light-independent reaction (Calvin cycle) takes place in the absence of light. Firstly, CO2 combines with ribulose biphosphate (RuBP) to produce two molecules of glycerate-3-phosphate (GP). GP is reduced...
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Answered by Tom T. • Biology tutor
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State whether the following conduct electricity as solid or molten: Aluminium, Aluminium fluoride, Boron tribromide

We start with aluminium (Al). Al conducts electricity in both solid and molten states, this is because Al has metallic bonding between fixed positive Al^(3+) ions and delocalised electrons. The delocalised e...
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Answered by Tom T. • Chemistry tutor
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Find the general solution of: y'' + 4y' + 13y = sin(x)

First we find the auxilary equation by substituting y with m^0, y' with m^1 and y'' with m^2. We get m^2 + 4m + 13 and find the roots using the differential equation, m = (-4 +- (16-4x1x13)^0.5)/(2x1). From ...
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Explain why, in theory, a perfectly contestable market results in an efficient allocation of resources

William J Baumol’s theory of contestable markets (1982) holds that there are markets served by a small number of firms, which are nevertheless characterized by competitive equilibria, and therefore, desirabl...
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Answered by Rebecca M. • Economics tutor
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What is diffusion and what effects the rate at which it occurs?

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration (with the gradient). Once the concentration in each area is equal, the overall diffusion rate is 0. W...
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Answered by Lucie C. • Biology tutor
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