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To start with lets define an allele - these are different versions of the same gene. Genes are small sections of DNA which carry codes to tell your body what proteins to make. Each gene has two alleles - for...

In hot environments, blood vessels under the surface of the skin dilate to allow more blood to flow through them. This causes more heat to be lost from the blood to the environment so body temperature decrea...

Osmosis is the net movement of water down the water potential gradient, through a semi permeable membrane.

Red blood cells are highly adapted to be efficient at absorbing and storing oxygen to carry around the body to be used for aerobic respiration . There are three main adaptations; Biconcave shape - this maxim...

• acid in stomach kills pathogens in food• skin forms a barrier / produces antimicrobial secretions• hairs in the nose trap (particles which may contain) pathogens• trachea / bronchi has mucus which traps pa...