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Calvin carried out ‘feeding experiments’ where radioactive labelled carbon was fed to plants. 14 CO 2 is taken up the cells and is then fixed into photosynthesis. 14 CO 2 was induced into the plants and moni...

Muscle fibers are comprised of elongated myofibrils. A myofibril is made of repeating chains of sarcomeres which have no nucleus but have myosin and actin filaments which are able to slide past each other du...

Overview of oxydative phosphorelation: At the end of the electron transport chain, electrons are transferred to molecular oxygen, which splits in half and takes up H + to form water.

Enzymes catalyse reactions by reducing the activation energy required to begin a chemical reaction, without being used up in the reaction. They bind to the active site of a substrate to form an enzyme-substr...

Phagocytes are part of the innate immune system. They are primarily responsible for clearing extracellular infections e.g. bacteria or fungus, by recognising and ingesting the pathogen. Typically, pathogens ...