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(First set out what agency is) Agency is a relationship between two parties where the Principal has authorised the Agent to act on his behalf and the Agent acts as such. The Agent is able to enter into contr...

Introduction: While liability in tort normally depends on a breach of duty towards the claimant, vicarious liability (VL) is a system of strict liability by which an entity is made liable for the torts of an...

The Court of Appeal is bound by the doctrine of judicial precedent, as all courts in England and Wales are bound. Due to its position in the hierarchy of English courts, the decisions from the Court of Appea...

Oblique Intention= In Woollin (1999) the court of appeal stated that oblique intention can exist where (a) the consequence of an action was virtually certain and (b) the defendant recognised that it was virt...

In the UK system, a separation of powers is maintained between the Houses of Parliament, the legislative body, Government, the executive body; and the courts, the judiciary. This separation of powers is impo...