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Outline the process of phagocytosis by macrophages.

Initially, the bacteria/pathogen will bind to a receptor located on the surface membrane of the macrophage. Pseudopodia will form around the bacteria, resulting in the macrophage surrounding the bacteria/pat...
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Outline the structures involved in the mammalian gaseous exchange system. For each structure explain how it increases the efficiency of gaseous exchange [6 marks]

Trachea- c shaped cartilage provides structure and support, goblet cells and ciliated epithelium, secrete mucus to trap dust and pathogens and waft the mucus up the trachea Bronchi - smooth muscle relaxes to...
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Describe how a simple Reflex works.

Reflexes allow you to respond to a stimuli (change in environment). A simple reflex begins with a receptor which are found in sense organs and allow you to detect the stimuli. An example of a sense organ is ...
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Answered by Mira M. • Biology tutor
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Compare how pyruvate is used in human cells when oxygen is available and when oxygen is not available.

When oxygen is available- aerobic respiration takes place, when oxygen is not available- anaerobic respiration takes place. Pyruvate reacrs differently differently in these two situations.During Aerobic resp...
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Answered by Nick P. • Biology tutor
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What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic DNA?

DNA in prokaryotes can be found in the cytoplasm in a form of a free circular chromosome. Additionally, there are structures called plasmids that contain DNA as well and their functions are connected to e.g....
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