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Eutrophication is the process whereby excess fertiliser is added to fields by farmers. This fertiliser contaisn nitrates which are very sioluble and so easily runs off into rivers and lakes. Plants use nitra...

Primary succession begins with newly formed land such as bare rock of volcanic island. Pioneer species such as lichens and mosses colonise the rock. When these pioneer species die organic matter builds up wh...

Osmosis is the free movement of water molecules across a partially permament member from high water potential to low water potential, down the water potential gradient, without the input of energy.

Firstly outline the factors needed for seed germinination: There are 3 essential conditions required for a seed to germinate - a seed will not germinate until these external conditions are met . They are: Wa...

DNA replication involves a ‘complex system of enzymes'. DNA replication is semiconservative (1 stand of the original 2 stranded piece of DNA is conserved) It is a complex process involving many enzymes and w...