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Oestrogen is a lipid soluble molecule, so it diffuses into the cell across the plasma membrane. It then binds to a recptor inside the cell and this causes it to relocate to the nucleus. The receptor then act...

A population is split into two groups by some form of barrier, either physical, such as a mountain range, or behavioral, like looking for food at different times of day. This means that the two populations c...

the simplest molecule present is beta glucose. These are bonded to each other via glycosidic bonds through a condensation reaction. Each molecule has been rotated 180 degrees compared to the previous one. th...

An inactive or weak form of the pathogen is introduced to the patient. This stimulates the production of lymphocytes which then produce antibodies against the antigen. Memory cells are also generated. If the...

Light energy excites electrons in chlorophyll to a higher energy level. The electrons pass down the electron transfer chain, reducing carriers as they go and releasing energy. The energy lost is used to gene...