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1.) First starts in the sino-atrial node. 2.) Sino-atrial node sends out regular waves of electricity to the atrial walls in order to initiate heart beat.3.) This leads to contraction of right and left atria...

DNA replication is semi-conservative and occurs in the 5' to 3' direction. In the lagging strand it is discontinuous (forming Okazaki fragments) and in the leading strand it is continuous. 1) First, the enzy...

At the first proton pump and associated electron carrier of the inner mitochondrial membrane reduced NAD releases two H + ions and two electrons. An electron travels down a series of electron carriers, each ...

Water moves down a concentration gradient, where it goes from an area of high concentration to a low concentration. This is a process called osmosis which does not require any energy. When a cell is placed i...

Chromosomes can be either single armed or double armed. When a cell is about to divide, a chromosome replicates its genetic material to become a double armed chromosome. A double armed chromosome has a centr...