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The alveoli are the site of gas exchange in the lungs. Oxygen diffuses into the blood down a concentration gradient while carbon dioxide exits the lung by diffusion. Alveoli have a very large surface area as...

Glycogen is a highly branched polymer of glucose that stores sugars for respiration. Its branched ends allow rapid hydrolysis and release of glucose monomers, and it is insoluble, so has no osmotic effects o...

A stent is a small cylinder wire mesh that is inserted into the blood vessel and expanded. This opens the middle of the blood vessel , allowing greater blood flow, meaning more oxygen is delivered to the org...

The immune system protects you against invading pathogens and infections that may enter your body. It can be broadly split into two streams - the adaptive and the innate immunity. The innate immunity is more...

Coordination via medulla / cardiac centre in the brainIncreased impulses along sympatheticnerve to the Sino atrial node, otherwise known as pacemakerrelease of noradrenalineincrease in impulses from Sino atr...