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Describe how an action potential stimulates synaptic release of neurotransmitters. (5 marks)

action potential depolarises the synaptic terminal this activates the voltage gated calcium channels Calcium ions diffuses into the cell down the electrical gradient Calcium ions stimulate the release of the...
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Answered by Sofia P. • Biology tutor
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Could you explain the structure of the plasma membrane to me? (A level)

The cell membrane, also known as plasma membrane, you will know from GCSE is a feature of both animal and plant cells that helps contain cellular contents and control entry and exit of substances from the ce...
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Answered by Rita H. • Biology tutor
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Horizontal gene transfer is a mechanism that allows bacteria to genetic information between cells. Describe this process.

Bacteria have a singular, large, circular chromosome and can have many smaller circular DNA-containing structures called plasmids. Bacterial cells that are in close proximity can form a connective bridge, ca...
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Answered by Benjamin M. • Biology tutor
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What is the difference between osmosis and diffusion?

Osmosis is strictly the movement of water. Its definition is the net movement of water across a partially permeable membrane from a high water potential to a low water potential. Therefore this is only the a...
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Answered by Mary H. • Biology tutor
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What is apoptosis?

Apoptosis is programmed cell death. It is the main pathway for physiological cell death (though not the only one, see necrosis) and involves a defined set of changes to the cell: shrinkage of the nucleus, co...
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Answered by Sarah A. • Biology tutor
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