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What are the four bases found in DNA and how do they bond.

There are four DNA bases, Adenine (A), Cytosine (C), Guanine (G) and Thymine (T). On each strand of DNA, the DNA bases are connected by phosphodiester bonds, to form a long chain. These long DNA strands are ...
TJ
Answered by Toby J. • Biology tutor
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Describe how the sperm cell is adapted to its function.

The sperm cell is adapted to its function in multiple ways:It has a tail which enables it to swim towards the egg.The middle section of the cell is packed with mitochondria. This allows it to release the ene...
HH
Answered by Huw H. • Biology tutor
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How do I get full marks for this question "Describe how a vaccination leads to antibody production" ?

Mark 1: What is a vaccine? A vaccine contains antigens from an inactive form of a specific pathogen. Mark 2: Which cells are first to respond to the antigen? Antigen presenting cells such as macrophages pres...
CT
Answered by Chloe T. • Biology tutor
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A patient is infected by a pathogen. Explain the process of the imitation of the immune response (5 marks) The paitent was prescribed antibiotics yet their symptoms did not improve. What can you infer from this? (1 mark)?

5 of the following... Pathogen has antigens on its surface that are recognised as foreign by the immune system T helper cells stimulate cytotoxic T cells, B cells and phagocytes (or lysosomes) B cells produc...
HF
Answered by Harriett F. • Biology tutor
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What is the difference between catabolic and anabolic reactions? Give an example of a catabolic reaction you have studied.

In biology catabolic reactions are biochemical reactions during which an organic molecule is broken down. This process is usually involved in the production of energy. In contrast, anabolic reactions are bio...
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Answered by Gabriele Z. • Biology tutor
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