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Describe two ways the body prevents the entry of microorganisms.

Acid in stomach kills pathogens in food.Skin creates a barrier that microorganisms cannot enter through.Hairs in nose and ears that trap microorganisms.Mucus and cilia in the trachea and bronchi that trap mi...
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Answered by Minnie A. • Biology tutor
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How is a specific protein formed from DNA?

You need to have some basic knowledge of nucleotide structure before trying to understand the answer below. First of all, DNA contains thousands of genes. Each gene codes for specific proteins (The ‘code’ me...
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Answered by Cheri C. • Biology tutor
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Compare and contrast stabilising selection with disruptive selection

They both change the allele frequency, and both select against less well adapted phenotypes. Extremes are eliminated in stabilising selection, whereas intermediates are eliminated in disruptive selection. St...
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Answered by Elizabeth T. • Biology tutor
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How does a point mutation in the gene coding for ATP synthase affect oxidative phosphorylation

In a point mutation, a single base is substituted, inserted, or deleted. This changes the sequence of amino acids in ATP synthase. This changes the tertiary structure of ATP synthase. ATP synthase is used in...
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Answered by Elizabeth T. • Biology tutor
2965 Views

Explain the effect of temperature and pH on enzyme-catalysed reactions:

The rate of reaction typically increases with temperature, as heat provides kinetic energy and more substrate-enzyme collisions. however, going above a certain temperature will cause enzymes to denature and ...
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Answered by Abdullah K. • Biology tutor
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