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What are the non-specific defence systems of the human body that protect it from pathogens?

A 'non-specific' defence system means that its response is the same for every invader (pathogen). In the human body this includes: Skin - a physical barrier between the outside world and the inside of the bo...
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Answered by Alice H. • Biology tutor
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Compare and contrast three ways in which sperm cells and egg cells are specialised for their functions

Both sperm cells and egg cells contain a haploid nucleus, this means that they contain half the number of chromosomes of a normal diploid cell. This is so that when the egg is fertilised by the sperm there a...
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Answered by Aoife C. • Biology tutor
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Describe the process of an action potential travelling across a synapse

An action potenial reaches the synaptic bouton causing depolarisation which opens calcium voltage gated channels. Calcium moves into the cell and causes the movement of vesicles containing acetylcholine towa...
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Answered by Ed W. • Biology tutor
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Compare DNA and RNA

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and ribonucleic acid (RNA) both encode genetic information; however, there are many fundamental differences. Firstly, the sugar backbone for RNA is ribose, while for DNA its deoxy...
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Answered by Sara T. • Biology tutor
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Name three common components of blood; as well as how they are removed from the plasma

Waste (e.g. carbon dioxide) Carbon dioxide is a waste product of respiration, which ends up dissolving in the blood plasma. This can cause the blood pH to decrease, which will ultimately cause a lot of probl...
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Answered by Sara T. • Biology tutor
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