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Describe how hydrogen bonding arises in water

Water is made up of one oxygen and two hydrogen atoms. Oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen, meaning the electrons in the hydrogen-oxygen bond are slightly more attracted to the oxygen. This makes th...
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Answered by Lucy T. • Biology tutor
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What are the differences between glycogen, starch and cellulose?

All three of these are carbohydrate polymers, formed from glucose monomers. Glycogen and starch are both polymers of alpha glucose. These long chains of alpha glucose molecules, joined end-to-end, form a spi...
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Answered by Matt J. • Biology tutor
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What property of a mammalian nerve axon allows for fast saltatory conduction?

Myleination of the nerve axon by Schwann cells allows for fast saltatory conduciton, as the Schwann cells provide electrical insulation. Gaps between Schwann cells are known as Nodes of Ranvier, whereby elec...
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Answered by Hannah H. • Biology tutor
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Explain how vaccinations can help to prevent infection

Antibodies are rapidly produced by white blood cells in response to the vaccination, and these antibodies kill the pathogens. Memory cells are produced in order to combat further infection more rapidly via r...
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Answered by Anna H. • Biology tutor
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Name the four stages of mitosis

Interphase Prophase Metaphase Anaphase
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Answered by Roisin G. • Biology tutor
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