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how are arteries adapted for their function?

Arteries carry bloock away from the heart, towards bodyily tissues. They have thick walls to withstand high pressures, a narrow lumen to maintain high pressures and a thick layer of elastic fibres to maintai...
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Answered by Ella M. • Biology tutor
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Why does fetal haemoglobin have a higher affinity for oxygen than an adult haemoglobin?

In order to survive. By the time the blood reaches the placenta there is a lower concentration of oxygen in the blood, the fetal haemoglobin has a higher affinity for oxygen so that the hb can bind to oxygen...
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Answered by Eden S. • Biology tutor
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Describe what happens to fish protein in the human stomach.

Digestion takes place in the stomach. Aside from physical digestion due to churning of the stomach muscle, chemical digestion is also important whereby hydrochloric acid produced by the stomach of pH 2, as w...
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Answered by Panos L. • Biology tutor
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Part of the retina of a young rat was removed and kept in the dark for two hours. This allowed the pigment in the rod cells to recover from bleaching caused by exposure to light. Suggest what happens in the rod cells during this two hours of darkness.

Rhodopsin is the pigment found in rod cells, which consists of cis-retinal and the protein opsin. When the rod cells are kept in darkness, the opsin is uncoupled from the cell surface membrane of the rod cel...
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Answered by Panos L. • Biology tutor
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Explain how the sinoatrial node (SAN) ensures that oxygenated blood enters the aorta.

The sinoatrial node is a region found on the right atrium which acts as a pacemaker. Cells at the SAN can depolarise (become more positively charged with respect to the outside) and generate electrical activ...
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Answered by Panos L. • Biology tutor
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