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How come the antibodies in our blood and lymphatic system do not attack our own, but only specific antigens?

Antibodies and antigens are made out of proteins. Proteins have a specific primary structure. The primary structure is the sequence of the amino acids that make up the protein. This sequence is specific to a...
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Answered by Cassandra U. • Biology tutor
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How do you get from an a base like adenine to an enzyme/protein?

There are four bases- ATGC adenine, thymine guanine and cytosine. Each base is attached to a deoxyribose sugar and a phosphate sugar. This makes up a nucleotide. Three nucleotides are called a codon which pr...
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Answered by Joshny J. • Biology tutor
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Describe the hormonal control over the menstrual cycle in females.

Menstruation in women is under the influence of the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, or HPO axis. The pituitary gland secretes follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinising hormone (LH), which act t...
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Answered by Tom C. • Biology tutor
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What is the difference between the two main schools of thought on enzyme function?

The first of the two major theories are Lock and Key mechanism, which describes the perfect design of the enzyme active site to that of its substrate so that they can immediately interact on contact without ...
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Answered by Jonathan C. • Biology tutor
2973 Views

How does heart muscle contract rhythmically in unison?

The heart is composed of a specialied muscle type called cardiac muscle. This has unique properties such that each muscle cell is connected together by gap junctions in their cell membranes (electrical synap...
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Answered by Jonathan C. • Biology tutor
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