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In surface area to volume ratio (SA:Vol) we are comparing the outside surface area of an object to its internal volume. So imagine 3 rubber balls, one's small, one's medium, one's large. The smallest ball ha...

A protein molecule is a polymer which means it is built when lots of smaller molecules join together in a chain, like building blocks. These smaller molecules are called amino acids. There are are 20 differe...

For IB Biology, there are three types of evidence for evolution you need to know: fossils, selective breeding and homologous structures. Fossils are preserved remains or traces of organisms from the past – t...

The hormone auxin causes cells in shoots to grow faster, and cells in roots to grow more slowly. Auxin becomes more concentrated on the side of the plant that is not facing the light, the shaded side. In the...

In the cells lining the proximal convoluted tubule, sodium-potassium pumps present in the membrane in contact with tissue fluid pump sodium ions out of the cells. This lowers the concentration of sodium ions...