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Why does ionization energy increase across a period?

First of all, let's define ionization energy. Ionization energy is the energy needed to remove 1 electron from each atom in 1 mole of gaseous atoms. The higher this energy is, the harder it is to remove the ...
AF
Answered by Amelia F. • Chemistry tutor
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Why does magnesium have a higher melting point than sodium?

Both sodium and magnesium have metallic bonding between atoms. Outer electrons become delocalised and float freely between the positive ions. The positive ions attract the negatively charged electrons so the...
SC
Answered by Suzie C. • Chemistry tutor
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Thinking about the periodicity of the period 3 elements, explain the structure of the Sodium and Phosphorus Oxides and the acid-base behaviour of the Oxide solutions.

Electronegativity increases across a period because the atomic radius decreases (i.e. the valence electrons are closer to the nucleus and experience a higher attraction). This is because there are more proto...
NM
Answered by Natalie M. • Chemistry tutor
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Calculate the concentration, in mol dm-3, of a solution of chloric (I) acid, HOCl , which has a pH of 4.23. Chloric acid is a weak acid, with Ka = 3.72 x 10^-8

[H+] = 10^-4.232) [H+]^2 = Ka x [HA]3) [HA] x Ka = (3.467368505 x 10^-9)4) [HA] = 0.0932
AA
Answered by Afshaun A. • Chemistry tutor
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Explain, in terms of atomic energy levels, how an atomic emission spectrum is formed

Absorbed energy results in electron excitation. De-excitation then occurs, whereby electrons fall back down to the ground state. Energy levels are quantised, therefore each line represents a specific frequen...
GC
Answered by George C. • Chemistry tutor
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