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What do the arrows in mechanisms represent?

The arrows represent the movement of a lone pair of electrons. For example, if a mechanism involves an oxygen atom forming a bond with a proton (hydrogen ion), then the oxygen would ‘donate’ a lone pair to t...
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Answered by Tarek K. • Chemistry tutor
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What happens to the physical properties(solubility/boiling/melting point) as chain length increases, and as functional groups are added onto the chemical compound?

As chain length increases, the boiling/melting point of hydrocarbon compounds increases. This is because whether a compound will change state from liquid to gas (boil) or not, depends upon the intermolecular...
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Answered by Abbas K. • Chemistry tutor
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Describe the key properties that rely upon metallic bonding and explain this.

Metallic bonding consists of a strong electrostatic attraction between positive metal cations and delocalised electrons. This arrangement is regular and the attraction is non-directional meaning that layers ...
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Answered by Tesni H. • Chemistry tutor
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What is an acid?

An acid is a substance which releases hydrogen ions (protons) when added to water. pH values of less than 7 are considered acidic, with 1 indicating it is a strong acid.
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Answered by Ellie W. • Chemistry tutor
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What is the difference between an isotopic and isoelectronic species?

Isotopes are chemical species that have the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons as each other in their nuclei. For example, Deuterium (H 2 ) and Tritium (H 3 ) are isotopes of Hydrogen....
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Answered by Sohail K. • Chemistry tutor
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