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How does the structure and bonding of alkanes differ to that of alkenes?

In alkanes, such as propane, the carbon atoms are sp 3 hybridised, meaning that each carbon atom has 4 sp 3 molecular orbitals associated with it available for covalent bonding. These form 4 sigma bonds (bon...
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Answered by Edward G. • Chemistry tutor
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State and explain the trend in melting points of diamond, iodine and hydrogen fluoride.

Diamond is covalently bonded and has a giant covalent structure. Covalent bonds require lots of energy to break as they are strong so diamond has the highest melting point. Iodine has only weak intermolecula...
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Answered by Ceri F. • Chemistry tutor
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What effect will increased temperature have on an equilibrium with a forward reaction which is exothermic?

Increased temperature will favour the backward (endothermic reaction.) Any change imposed on the system will be counteracted by a response which reverses the change, i.e. shift the equilibrium in the directi...
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How does one test for halide ions?

Add to the unknown solution dilute nitric acid, then add silver nitrate solution. If Chloride, bromide or iodide ions are present then a white, cream and yellow precipitate will form respectively of silver h...
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Describe one method of producing oxygen gas.

Decomposition of Hydorgen peroxide solution, H 2 O 2 , using Manganese (IV) oxide as a catalyst. Effervescence is observed as the oxygen gas is evolved and the gas can be collected by displacement of water i...
GI
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