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The Gibbs free energy of a process is a measure of how readily that process will proceed on its own - a negative value means that the reaction is spontaneous, a positive value means that it is not, and a val...

This is the sort of question you are likely to stumble across in an IB HL Paper 2 examination. It would probably carry a few more marks and thus require a longer answer, but that is reason to panic!First of ...

Mass spectrometry is a technique we use to analyse and determine the structure of compound . Generally, it works by injecting your compound into an ionisation chamber , where it breaks up into smaller fragme...

A mole is simply a number, an amount of something. Like when people refer to a dozen of eggs they mean 12 eggs, when someone says a mole of atoms they mean 6.022 x 10 23 atoms. A mole is simply defined as ‘t...

To begin, it is important to note that each of these three types of bonding is very strong. Both ionic and metallic bonding rely on electrostatic forces of attraction between oppositely charged particles. In...