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Effective Nuclear Charge is the net positive nuclear charge experienced by a valence electron orbiting the positively charged nucleus in an atom. Effective nuclear charge is redcued by: -increased distance b...

A good personal statement depends on the subject you’re applying for, but here are a few tips: 1. Make sure that about most of the statement is about your pursuits relevant to the course (I suggest around ¾)...

First differentiate the function: y = f(x) => dy/dx = f'(x) Then set dy/dx = 0 and find the solutions. i.e. solve 0 = f'(x) For each value of x that is a solution, substitute back into f(x) to get the y c...

Firstly, understanding how to construct a histogram will make understanding the Normal Distribution aka Gaussian Distribution much easier. It is still an arrangement of a data set in which most values cluste...

First, we need to understand what an indirect statement is, and the best way to do that is to work in English for the moment. The opposite of an indirect statement is a 'direct statement'. An example might b...