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What role do calcium ions play in contraction of the sarcomere? (4 marks)

When an action potential arrives at the motor end plate it causes depolarisation to occur in the sarcolemma of the effector muscle cells.2) Depolarisation spreads via T-tubules to the sarcoplasmic reticulum ...
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Answered by Ben W. • Biology tutor
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MRSA and C. difficile are resistant bacterial strains which cause life-threatening infections in hospitals. Explain how MRSA/ C. difficile could arise from non-resistant bacteria. [6 marks]

Natural SelectionCompetition for survival between bacterial colonies/ Selection pressure is survivalVariation between colonies linking to phenotype of resistanceSpontaneous mutation produces antibiotic resis...
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Answered by Ijaz C. • Biology tutor
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Show using mathematical induction that 8^n - 1 is divisible by 7 for n=1,2,3,...

First step: n=1 we have 8 1 -1=7 which is divisible by 7. Assumption step: 8 k -1 is divisible by 7. Induction step: Using the previous step we have that 8 k -1=7x. So 8 k = 7x+1. Therefore, 8 k+1 - 1=8(8 k ...
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Answered by Mike C. • Maths tutor
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Differentiate the expression x^6+5x^4+3 with respect to x

Using the general rule d/dx(a*x^n) = a *n * x^(n-1) and the linearity of the derivative operator, we obtain: 6x^5+20x^3+0 = 6x^5+20x^3
Answered by • Maths tutor
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Explore the significance of aspects of dramatic tragedy in the following passage and in relation to the play as a whole.

Introduction Shakespeare creates dramatic tragedy in the passage through Lear’s fatal decision to ‘divide in three our kingdom’. The irony of Lear’s action is heavy and the passage is infused with tragic imp...
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