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1) Crossing over - in Prophase I of meiosis, non-sister chromatids in the same bivalent (i.e. chromatids on separate chromosomes within a homologous pair) can exchange alleles, creating new combinations. 2) ...

Transcription is the formation of an mRNA molecule from its complementary DNA template. First the enzyme DNA helicase unwinds the double helix, and the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases break. This ...

Bond lengths - a single bond is 0.153nm while a double bond is 0.134nm, making Kekulé's model of alternating single and double bonds asymmetric. Other evidence shows benzene to be symmetrical so it cannot ha...

As the charge of an ion increases, so does its charge density. The ion can therefore form stronger electrostatic forces of attraction, resulting in stronger bonds. As these bonds form to produce a lattice st...

Phototropins are enzymes found in the plasma membrane of particular cells. They are phosphorylated when hit by blue light. 2) This phosphorylation triggers the movement of auxin across the plant shoot by act...