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The formula for efficiency is: efficiency = (useful energy / total energy) Therefore, first we must find the total energy which is the sum of all of the branches of the Sankey diagram. So take the energy spe...

Scientists originally thought that atoms were like a 'plum pudding' in that they were a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons scattered about inside it. This was because they observed f...

Active immunity is due to the over production of antibodies by the organism itself after the body's defence mechanisms have been stimulated by the invasion of foreign micro-organisms. Whereas, passive immuni...

An allele that has the same effect on the phenotype whether it is present in homozygous or heterozygous state. Dominant alleles mask the effect of recessive alleles.

For the purpose of my explanation, I will use this sample essay question taken from the OCR F663 June 2013 paper: "Gloucester is no less than a tragic figure than his king" By considering the role ...