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What is a mutation and what are the consequences of one?

A mutation is a change in the genetic composition of the DNA. It is often caused by an accidental insertion, deletion or swapping of a single base however whole genes can also move. SNPs, or single nucleotid...
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Answered by Liam M. • Biology tutor
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How does air enter the lungs for inspiration? What does the body do to make this happen?

Intercostal muscles and the diapragm contract, which causes the ribs to move upwards and outwards. This increases the volume of the thorax, therefore lowering the pressure within the lungs. The pressure of t...
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Answered by Isobel R. • Biology tutor
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What is a reflex action and along which pathway does it travel in the nervous system?

A reflex action is an automatic rapid involuntary response, which acts to protect the body from damage. Such as when you touch something extremely hot, you involuntarily remove your hand from the hot object....
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Answered by Isobel R. • Biology tutor
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What is the difference between a nucleophile and an electrophile?

A nucleophile is a molecule or ion that donates a pair of electrons to form a new covalent bond. It is strongly attracted to a region of positive charge. Common nucleophiles include hydroxide ions; due to th...
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Answered by Liam M. • Chemistry tutor
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What is a mole?

A mole is a unit of measurement for the amount of a substance. One mole is 6.02 x 10^23 particles in a substance, known as Avogadro's constant. This is because this is the number of atoms in 12g of Carbon- 1...
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Answered by Liam M. • Chemistry tutor
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