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Empirical formula The empirical formula is a formula giving the proportions of the elements present in a compound but not the actual numbers or arrangement of atoms. To find this you require the mass used an...

Isotopes are atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons. They have the same proton number, but different mass numbers. They have the same chemical properties, due to having the same number of ele...

With Plato’s analogy of the cave I find it is really useful to understand it visually, so I’m going to draw a diagram of the cave as I explain it. The useful thing about this is that when it comes to revisin...

If you have got to the interview stage of an Oxbridge application then the Director of Studies or whoever is conducting the interview is obviously interested in you, they know that you are a capable student,...

This is a common question, that takes a little while to get your head around. Once you've understood the process, it can be simplified down to a cycle of 3 steps for memory: depolarisation , repolarisation a...