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What product would you expect to obtain when reacting ethanal (or acetaldehyde) with potassium cyanide (KCN) in dilute acid? Draw a curly arrow mechanism for this transformation, and determine whether you obtain one enantiomer or a racemic mixture.

The product obtained is a cyanohydrin, with the formula CH3CH(OH)(CN) where the cyanide anion has acted as a nucleophile towards the aldehyde. The mechanism would first show the lone pair on the carbonyl oxy...
AS
Answered by Alex S. • Chemistry tutor
3648 Views

Translation occurs in living cells. Explain how translation is carried out, from the initiation stage onwards.

Translation is the process where mRNA in the cytoplasm becomes a functional protein. Translation follows transcription, where an mRNA for a protein-coding gene is made. The mRNA leaves the nucleus through po...
TM
Answered by Tessa M. • Biology tutor
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Explanation of the lac operon, based on 9700/41/M/J/18 Question 3

It is made up of 3 genes: lacZ, lacY and lacA which encode for B-galactosidase (LacZ), lactose permease (LacY), and another enzyme (not studied at A level) respectively.The functions of LacZ (the enzyme) is ...
JV
Answered by Jose V. • Biology tutor
4893 Views

Describe and evaluate research into obedience.

Obedience is following the orders of an authority figure and has been the subject of much research. Milgram (1963) wanted to look at how so many people were capable of doing horrible things to other people d...
PG
Answered by Phoebe G. • Psychology tutor
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There are five main areas a duty of care may arise regarding omissions. Discuss any three areas.

Occasionally an omission can amount to an actus reus of a crime. An omission is a failure to act where there is a duty to act. In the UK the general rule regarding omissions is that there is no good Samarita...
MA
Answered by Marcello A. • Law tutor
7931 Views