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T helper cells recognise and bind to the antigen and become activated. The activated T helper cell stimulate B cells to form plasma cells that produce and release antibodies that are specific to the viral an...

It goes without saying that a thorough knowledge of the subject is important. In order to be able to score all the points for the outline portion of the essay you must be able to describe and explain theorie...

Introduction- Ethical statements are not simply expressions of emotion. Although the non-cognitive branch of meta-ethics emotivism claims ethical statements are only expressions of emotion due to no evidence...

a stimulus depolarises the membrane potential above the threshold level e.g. -40 mvthis causes voltage gated Na+ ion channels to open- resulting in an influx of Na+ into the cellthis depolarises the membrane...

the phagocyte recognises the antigen on the pathogen surface as foreignThe phagocyte cytoplasm moves around the pathogen, and the membranes fuse, forming a phagosomeLysosomes containing lysozymes fuse with t...