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How does aromatic electrophilic substitution work?

First, let's have a look at all the clues in the name. Aromatic - this type of reaction is characteristic for aromatic compounds because it involves the aromatic ring. It is the only type of electrophilic su...
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Answered by Karol S. • Chemistry tutor
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How does a firm's marginal cost and average cost relate to each other? (Microeconomics)

Average costs represent the total cost of a firm divided by the total number of units produced, and Marginal cost meanwhile represents the extra costs incurred by a firm of producing an additional unit of ou...
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Answered by Manel B. • Economics tutor
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Apart from voting in elections and referendums, outline two ways in which people participate in politics (5 marks)

People can participate in politics through petitions and initiatives. A petition is a document signed by the people and if enough people sign it then it has to be debated in parliament. In the UK there is a ...
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How do we inherit certain genes?

Alleles are different versions of a gene. A gene is the piece of DNA which carries information in the form of a sequence of amino acids. For every gene that we have, we carry 2 alleles which could be the sam...
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Answered by Kimiya A. • Biology tutor
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How do I know if a piece is in 'Sonata Form'.

There are two tests to determine if a piece is in Sonata Form. Firstly, we must look at the harmonies of the piece. The first sections (referred to as the Exposition ) will begin in the tonic (I) and modulat...
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Answered by James R. • Music tutor
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