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Maxwell's equations in free space: ∇ . E = 0 ∇ x E = - ∂ B/ ∂ t ∇ . B = 0 ∇ x B = (1/c 2 )( ∂E / ∂ t) The wave equation: ∇ 2 U = (1/c 2 ) ( ∂ 2 U / ∂ t 2 ) If we take the curl of ∇ x E , we get ∇ x( ∇ x E ) ...

The best way to structure an essay is by using PQA - Point, Quote, Analysis. Use this structure and 5 minuntes to plan your essay. Whilst this is annoying it will make for a better essay in the long run. (Re...

Volcanoes often show precursory activity before they erupt. Volcanologists can monitor this activity to forecast an eruption. This includes: - Monitoring earthquakes with seismometers. Just before an eruptio...

Over 1 second, electrons with drift velocity V travel through a wire of cross sectional area A. Distance Vt (t = 1) multiplied by area A gives a volume AV. This volume multiplied by the electron density of t...

cot is a short way to write 'cotangent'. This is the reciprocal of the trigonometric function 'tangent' or tan(x). Therefore, cot(x) can be simplified to 1/tan(x). Using trigonometric rules, an alternative w...